Prophets of Islam

 
Prophets of Islam:
Muslims regard as prophets of Islam (Arabic: نبي‎) those non-divine humans chosen by Allah (the standard Arabic-language word for "the GOD"). Humans rely on revelation or tradition to identify Prophet.
Each prophet brought the same basic ideas of Islam, including belief in a single God and the avoidance of Idolatry and Sin. Each came to preach Islam and told of the coming of the final law-bearing prophet and messenger of God: Muhammad. Each prophet directed a message to a different group and each prophet taught minor variations in sharia (or the practice of religion) to a different target-audience. These variations constitute applications of Islam: mainstream Muslims do not consider them discrete versions of Islam.
Islamic tradition holds that God sent messengers to every nation. Muslims believe that God sent only Muhammad to convey the divine message to the whole world, whereas he sent other messengers (rusul) to convey their messages to a specific group of people or to an individual nation.
Muslims regard adam as the first prophet and Muhammad as the last prophet; hence Muhammad's title seal of the prophets. Islam regards Jesus as a rasul (and sometimes as a nabi) because he received wahy (revelation) from God, through which God revealed the Injil  (Gospel) to him.
Islamic theologic recognises as many as 124,000 prophets. Five of them (sometimes known as Ulul Azmi or the Imams — literally: "leaders" — of the Rasuls) receive the highest reverence for their perseverance and unusually strong commitment to God in the face of great suffering, namely:

1. Nuh (Noah)
2. Ibrahim (Abraham)
3. Musa (Moses)
4. Isa (Jeasus)
5. Muhammad

Etymology:

 

In both Arabic and Hebrew, the term nabī (plural forms: nabiyyūn and anbiyāʾ) means "prophet". These terms occur 75 times in the Quran. The term nubuwwa (meaning "prophethood") occurs five times in the Qur'an. The terms rasūl (plural: rusul) and mursal (plural: mursalūn) denote “messenger” or "apostle" and occur more than 300 times. The term for a prophetic “message”, risāla (plural: risālāt) appears in the Qur'an in ten instances.
The Syriac form of rasūl Allāh (literally: "messenger of God"), s̲h̲eliḥeh d-allāhā, occurs frequently in the apocryphal Acts of St Thomos. The corresponding verb for s̲h̲eliḥeh — s̲h̲alaḥ, occurs in connection with the prophets in the Old Testament (Exode 3:13__14, 4:13; Isaiah6:8; Jereminah 1:7).

Prophets and messengers in the Bible:

The words "prophet" (Arabic: nabi, نبی) and "messenger" (Arabic: rasul, رسول) appear several times in the Old Testament and the New Testament.
The following table shows these words in different religious languages:

Prophet and Messenger in Bible

Arabic	Arabic Pronunciation	English	Greek	Greek pronunciation	Hebrew	Hebrew pronunciation	বাংলা
نبی	Nabi	Prophet	προφήτης	prophētēs	נביא	nâbîy'	নবী
رسول	Rasool	Messenger, Apostle			מסנג 'ר

In the Old Testament the word "prophet" (Hebrew: nabi) occurs more commonly, and the word "messenger" (Hebrew: malak) refers to Angels, But the last book of the Old Testament, the Book of Malachi, speaks of a messenger that some commentators interpret as a reference to the future prophet John the Baptist.
In the New Testament, however, the word "messenger" becomes more frequent, sometimes in association with the concept of a prophet.
"Messenger" can refer to Jesus, to his Apostles and to John the Baptist.
It seems that in the New Testament messengers have a higher rank than prophets: Jesus Christ said about John the Baptist:

But what went ye out for to see? A prophet? yea, I say unto you, and more than a prophet. For this is he, of whom it is written, Behold, I send my messenger before thy face, which shall prepare thy way before thee.

Prophets and messengers in the Qur'an:

The table below charts the Qur'anic verses which explicitly reference a prophet (nabi), a messenger (rasul) , a leader (imam) or Christs (Messi). It also includes explicit references to prophets' book(s) / people / divine law (Qur'an).

Men of Allah in Qur'an

Name	Prophet	Messenger	Imam	Messiah	Book	People	Qur'an
Adem (Adam)
Idris (Enoch)	Prophet
Nuh (Noah)	Prophet	Messenger				People of Noah	Qur'an
Hud (Eber)		Messenger				ʿĀd
Saleh (Salih)		Messenger			Dhikr	Thamud
Ibrahim (Abraham)	Prophet	Messenger	Imam		Suhuf Ibrahim (Scrolls of Abraham)	People of Abraham	Qur'an
Lut (Lot)	Prophe	Messeng				People of Lut
Isma’il (Ishmael)	Prophet	Messenger
Is'haq (Isaac)	Prophet		Imam
Yaqub (Jacob)	Prophet		Imam
Yusuf (Joseph)	Prophet
Ayyub (Job)	Prophet
Shu'ayb (Jethro)		Messenger				Midian
Musa (Moses)	Prophet	Messenger			Scrolls of Moses (Suhuf Mossa)	Pharaoh and his chiefs	Qur'an
Harun (Aaron)	Prophet
Dawud (David)	Prophet				Zabur (Psalms)
Sulayman (Solomon)	Prophet
Ilyas (Elijah)	Prophet	Messenger				People of Elijah
Al-Yasa (Elisha)	Prophet
Yunus (Jonah)	Prophet	Messenger				People of Jonah
Dhul-Kifl (Ezekiel)
Zakariyya (Zechariah)	Prophet
Yahya (John the Baptist)	Prophet
Isa (Jesus)	Prophet	Messenger		Messiah	Injil (Gospel)	Sent to Children of Israel	Qur'an
Muhammad	Prophet	Messenger	Imam		Qur'an	Sign for the Whole World	Qur'an

For Ahl al-Kitab (followers of the Holy Books), see People of the Book

Distinguishing between prophets and messengers

In short, in Islam every messenger is also a prophet, but not every prophet is a messenger. The Qur'an, like the New Testament, ranks a messenger higher than a prophet. For example, whenever both titles appear together, "messenger" comes first. The crucial criterion is that a messenger delivers a new religious law ummah (Sharia) revealed by God, whereas a prophet continues an old one. God sends both prophets and messengers as givers of good news and as admonishers to their people. In the case of messengers, however, it appears that a close relationship exists between them and their people (). A messenger will become the witness that God will take from that community on the Day of Judgment (see the following Sura; Yunas 10:48; An-Nahl 16:38; Al Mu'_Minoon 23:46; Ghafir 40:5; An_Nisa 4:45; Al_Qasas 28:75). According to the Qur'an, God sent Muhammad to all of humanity and to the Djinn.^{[Need quotation on talk to verify]}
Muslims distinguish between celestial and human messengers. In the Qur'anic world, God has made the angels messengers but not prophets. The human messengers, however, also function as prophets — though not every prophet serves as a messenger. Angels always carry "orders" to the human prophets or messengers on what to say, what to do, and so forth. While human messengers deliver some messages about new orders to the people, prophets only reinforce previous orders by earlier messengers or prophets, but since the angels carry orders to prophets to do their duty, then all angels of revelations count as messengers

The status of prophets:

The Qur'anic verse 4:69 lists various virtuous groups of human beings, among whom prophets (including messengers) occupy the highest rank. Verse 4:69 reads

All who obey Allah and the messenger are in the company of those on whom is the Grace of Allah,- of the prophets (who teach), the sincere (lovers of Truth), the witnesses (who testify), and the Righteous (who do good): Ah! what a beautiful fellowship!

—Quran 4:69

Jesus as an apostle:

 

Qur'an, 4:157-159

That they said (in boast), "We killed Christ Jesus the son of Mary, the Messenger of Allah";- but they killed him not, nor crucified him, but so it was made to appear to them, and those who differ therein are full of doubts, with no (certain) knowledge, but only conjecture to follow, for of a surety they killed him not:- Nay, Allah raised him up unto Himself; and Allah is Exalted in Power, Wise;-
And there is none of the People of the Book but must believe in him before his death; and on the Day of Judgment he will be a witness against them;-

—An_Nisa , Quran 4:157_159.

 Miracles:
Islam views Muhammad's greatest miricals as the revelation of the Qur'an to mankind; Muslims regard this as the last in a series of divine revelations, one delivered word by word by the Angel Garbeil. At the time of the revelation of the Qur'an, Arabs who stood at the pinnacle of linguistic and poetic eloquence expressed astonishment at its linguistic perfection. The Qur'an seemed even more miraculous to the Arabians of his time given Muhammad's illiteracy (a very common state in the 7th century, especially in Arabia). Moreover, Muslims believe he had not read or written down any of the previous religious scriptures. Muslims used this situation as an argument and evidence against those who opposed Islam during the Muhammad's day, to testify to the fact that Muhammad couldn't have produced such perfect eloquence as appears in the Qur'an without divine intervention.
The Qur'an has survived in stable form since its compilation of 653/654 (but compare History of Quran). Muslims up until present times have memorized it, making it the most memorized^[] book in human history. Muslims believe that, unlike other miracles performed by other prophets who came before Muhammad, all ages can witness the miracle of the Qur'an. With the revelation of the Qur'an came a revolution in science, literature and philosophy that not only took place in the Islamic empire but worldwide.

                                     Prophets and scriptures

The prophets and Muhammad

Islam views every single prophet from Adam (Arabic: ادم) to Muhammad as important. According to the Qur'an, the prophets 'Isa (Jesus), Musa (Moses), Dawud (David), Ibrahim (Abraham), Saleh (Shelah), and Muhammad had the responsibility of ushering in their own holy scripture, given to them by God. 'Isa received the Injil (Gospel), as expressed in the following verses from the Qur'an:

At length she brought the (babe) to her people, carrying him (in her arms). They said: "O Mary! truly an amazing thing hast thou brought! "O sister of Aaron! Thy father was not a man of evil, nor thy mother a woman
But she pointed to the babe. They said: "How can we talk to one who is a child in the cradle?"
He said: "I am indeed a servant of Allah: He hath given me revelation and made me a prophet;
"And He hath made me blessed wheresoever I be, and hath enjoined on me Prayer and Charity as long as I live;
"(He) hath made me kind to my mother, and not overbearing or miserable;
"So peace is on me the day I was born, the day that I die, and the day that I shall be raised up to life (again)"!
Such (was) Jesus the son of Mary: (it is) a statement of truth, about which they (vainly) dispute.

—Maryam , Quran 19:27__34.

However, Muslims believe that humans have altered the Injil, therefore, it now does not represent the full truth, as given by God.^[] Musa received the Books of Moses, and Ibrahim the Books of Abraham. Dawud is responsible for the Zabur (Psalms). Saleh is responsible for the Dhikr, which is a practice that focuses on the remembrance of God. It often includes the repetition of the names of Allah. On the other hand, Muhammad was given the Qu'ran, which is believed by Muslims to be the purest and truest holy book of God. In Islam, it was believed to have been given to Muhammad through divine revelation by the angel Jibreel (Gabriel). Its purpose was to perfect the beliefs of the one true God, Allah, because of the turning away of the Jews and Christains from the true religion, into dogmas and doctrine.

                             The scope of the prophetic mission

The purpose of messengers

The following list summarises the purpose of sending Gods messengers:

1. God sent messengers to every nation to guide them to His path
2. Messengers warned nations to follow God'ss commands and gave them glad tidings
3. Messengers gave guidance from Allah, taught knowledge and provided a path to purification
4. God explained that obedience to Him and to His Messenger will earn Paradise
5. And those who disobey will earn Hell fire
6. God said that He will judge people only after receipt of the Message from His Messengers, judging everyone based on their own actions
7. Thus, those who received His message can not claim ignorance as an excuse

Distinguishing Muhammad from other messengers

Muhammad differs from other messengers in two respects:

1. God sent all previous messengers to a specific nation in specific regions of the Earth. Their teachings also applied in a limited way for a specific time and period. But God uniquely sent Muhammad to the entirety of creation (mankind and Djinn), intending his message (the Qur'an) to serve until the end of time.
2. The teachings of previous messengers confined themselves to specific nations and times, thus their laws relating to ethics and moral code, justice, trade, financial deals, and civil law remained incomplete. God through his final messenger, Muhammad, completed the religion and perfected it. It includes all the teachings from previous messengers, and abrogated those portions specific to separate peoples and times.

Most Muslims thus believe that since the days of the prophet the teaching of Muhammad remains as the only trustworthy source to reach the guidance of God, and that the Qur'an contains the true teachings of Moses and Jesus.

Nabi, Naba

The word used in this verse, naba, relates to the word nabi.

• Nabi (prophet) means: "one who informs others".
• Naba means: "news", "announcement", "information".
• Anbiya represents the plural form of nabi.

Anbiya inform others of a coming naba. The Qur'an says that the naba is not the Qur'an itself but that it comes in the future.

Rasul, Mursil

Note that the word rasul relates to the word mursil.

• Rasul means: "a messenger", "a bearer of a message".
• Mursal(een) also means: "a messenger", "a bearer of a message".
• Mursil means: "one who sends", "a sender".
• Risalat means: "messages".
• Rusul also represents the plural form of rasul.

So a mursil sends a rasul to give risalat. The Qur'an says that risalat of the mursil (Allah) form His kalimat. The Quran says that risalatullah cannot end.

All together

Putting these together, we see that the mursil sent both Jesus and Muhammad (each a rasul) to act as a nabi and to inform of the naba.
The Qur'an itself even states that the messages (risalat) — by definition the kalamat (words) of God — remain inexhaustible. Therefore the naba which the anbiya (plural of nabi) announced must itself precede more risalat (messages).
If or when the naba appeared, no further need exists for any more nabi (who give the news of the naba). What about rusul (messengers) and risalat (messages)? Does the mursil stop sending rusul to give his risalat? The Qur'an says no.
Note that the sender of messages and messengers (mursil) functions as a rasul if he gives the risalat himself. And note that the mursil can send rusul who are not anbiya.

Summary

To summarize, we have four words: nabi, naba, rasul, and mursil.

• Some rusul (plural of rasul) rank as anbiya (prophets) if sent (arsala) before the naba.
• Some rusul are not anbiya if sent after the naba.
• The naba itself is a risalatun.
• The Qur'an associates the naba with the mursil.
• Risalat cannot be exhausted.
• The mursil sends rusul to give risalat even after naba.
• Nothing prevents a mursil giving risalat himself (and acting as a rasul).

The reception of the prophets:

.. Like Christanity, [Islam] claimed to be a common heir of the Abrahimic traditions. Unlike Judasims, it taught that much of that tradition had been corrupted by false prophets and evildoers. Like Christianity, it claimed a continuum with the prophets of old; unlike Christianity it made little use of any specific passages of the Hebrew Bible, did not incorporate it into its own sacred library, and did not regard the finality of Muhammad’s prophethood to be based on any adumbration in the books of the Jews or Christians.... Islam alone found error not merely in interpretation but in the sources themselves. The idea of error was both tied to and a consequence of the doctrine of finality: Muhammad is the prophet of God in a conclusive and indubitable sense. What is contained in the book revealed to him is true beyond question.

Table of prophets in the Qur'an:

We did aforetime send messengers before thee: of them there are some whose story We have related to thee, and some whose story We have not related to thee. It was not (possible) for any messenger to bring a sign except by the leave of Allah: but when the Command of Allah issued, the matter was decided in truth and justice, and there perished, there and then those who stood on Falsehoods.

—Ghafir , 40:57

Name (Arabic & Arabic Translit.)	Name (Biblical)	Main Article(s)	Number of times mentioned by name
آدم Adam	Adam	Main articles: Islamic view of Adam, Adam, and Adam and Eva	25
	"Adam, the first human being, ranks as the first prophet of Islam.
إدريس Idris	Enoch	Main articles: Islamic view of Enoch and Enoch(Bible)	2
	Idris lived during a period of drought inflicted by God to punish the people of the world who had forgotten God. Idris prayed for salvation and for an end to the suffering, and so the world received rain.[]
نوح Nuh	Noah	Main articles: Islamic view of Noah and Noah	43
	Although best known for his role in the story of the Deluge, Nuh became a primary preacher of monothesims at his time. Muslims believe his faith in God led to his selection for building the Ark[].
هود Hud	Eber	Main articles: Hud(prophet) and Eber	7
	Muslims believe that only Hud, for whom the elevent chapter of the Qur'an takes its name, and a few other people survived a great storm, similar to the Deluge five generations earlier. God inflicted the storm to punish the people of Ad who had forgotten about God.
صالح Saleh	Shelah	Main article: Saleh	9
	According to the Qur'an God ordered Saleh to leave behind his people, the tribe of Thamud, after they disbelieved and disobeyed God's order to care for a special camel and instead killed it. In Saleh's and his followers' (believers') absence, God punished the people with an utter cry from the skies that killed his people instantly. Note that Saleh does not equate to the Shelah mentioned in the Old Testament.
إبراهيم Ibrahim	Abraham	Main articles: Islamic view of Abraham and Abraham	69
	Muslims regard Ibrahim as one of the significant prophets, because they credit him with rebuilding the Kaaba in Mecca. His family, including his son Ismael, also receives credit for helping create the civilization around Mecca that would later give birth to the final prophet of Islam, Muhammad. Significantly, Ibrahim almost sacrificed his son Ismail (Ishmael) to God in an event now commemorated annually by Eid_al_Adha. He is also the first prophet to name the believers as Muslims" meaning "those with full submission to God".[]
لوط Lut	Lot	Main articles: Islamic view of Lot and Lot(Bible)	27
	Muslims know Lut best for attempting to preach against homosexuality in Sodom and Gomorrah, in addition to preaching for his people to believe in the Oneness of God, although his community mocked and ignored him. Islam also denies[] the acts which the Old Testament attributes to Lut, like drinking and becoming drunk, and having intercourse with and impregnating his two daughters.
إسماعيل Isma'il	Ishmael	Main articles: Islamic view of Ismael and Ismael	12
	Muslims regard Ismaïl, first-born son of Ibrahim, as a notable prophet in Islam for his near-sacrifice in adulthood. As a child he and his mother, Hjar (Hagar), searched for water in the region around Mecca, wleading God to reveal the ZamZam Well, which still flows to his day.
إسحاق Is'haq	Isaac	Main articles: Islamic view of Isaac and Isaac	17
	According to Islamic tradition, Ishaq, the second-born son of Ibrahim, became a prophet in Cannan. He and his brother Ismaïl carried on the legacy of Ibrahim as prophets of Islam.
يعقوب Yaqub	Jacob	Main articles: Islamic view of Jacob and Jacob	16
	The Qur'an portrays Yaqub as "of the company of the Elect and the Good". He continued the legacy of both his father, Ishaq, and his grandfather, Ibrahim. Like his ancestors, he deliberately worshipped God exclusively.
يوسف Yusuf	Joseph	Main articles: Islamic view of Joseph and Joseph(Bible)	27
	Yusuf, son of Yaqub and great-grandson of Ibrahim became a prominent advisor to the paraoh of Egypt after he interpreted the pharaoh's dream which predicted the economic state of Egypt. He spent a large part of his life away from his eleven brothers, who showed jealousy of Yusuf because their father favored him. They took him out one day, telling their father that they would play and have fun, but they planned to kill him. Instead, they threw him down a well and told their father Yaqub that a wolf had eaten him. According to Islam Yusuf received the gift of half of the beauty granted to mankind.
أيوب Ayyub	Job	Main articles: Islamic iew os Job and Job(Bible)	4
	According to Islamic tradition, Ayyub received the reward of a fountain of youth, which removed all illnesses, except death, for his service to God in his hometown outside Al_Ma. Legend recounts that Ayyub suffered an illness for 18 years as test of patience carried out by God.
شعيب Shu'ayb	Jethro	Main articles: Shoaib and Jethro(Bible)	11
	Shu'ayb descended directly from Ibrahim. According to Islam, God appointed him to guide the people of Midian and Aykah, who lived near Mouth sinai. When the people of the region failed to listen to his warnings, God destroyed the disbelievers' villages. Although the Qur'an and the reported speeches of Muhammad mention that Musa married one of Shu'ayb's daughters, the Old Testament tells the same story of a man named Jethro. Some scholars[who?] regard Jethro in the Old Testament as distinct from Shu'aib in the Qur'an.
موسى Musa	Moses	Main articles: Islamic view of Moses and Moses	136
	Moses, whom the Qur'an refers to more than to any other prophet, had the distinction of revealing the Tawrat (Torah) to the Israelites. The Qur'an says Musa realized his connection with God after receiving commands from him during a stop at Mount Sinai. He later went on to free the enslaved Hebrew after the Egyptian pharaoh denied God's power. Musa subsequently led the freed Hebrews for forty years through the desert after they refused to obey God's command and enter the Holy Land, saying to Moses (as mentioned in the Qur'an, Sura Al Mai'da Quran 5:24, "They said: "O Moses! while they remain there, never shall we be able to enter, to the end of time. Go thou, and thy Lord, and fight ye two, while we sit here (and watch)." " On another trip to Mount Sinai during this long journey, Musa received the Tawrat and the Ten Commandments. At the end of his life, according to Islamic tradition[], Musa chose to die to become closer to God instead of taking an offer that would have extended his life.
هارون Harūn	Aaron	Main articles: Islamic view of Aaron and Aaron	20
	Harun (Aaron) served as an assistant to his older brother Musa (Moses). In Islam, he, like Musa, received the task of saving the Israelites from the Egyptian pharaoh. He would often speak for Musa when Musa’s speech-impediment prevented him from doing so himself.
ذو الكفل Dhul-Kifl	most likely Ezekiel	Main articles: Dhul_Kafi and Ezekiel	2
	The status of Dhul-Kifl as a prophet remains debatable within Islam, although all parties to the debate can agree in seeing him as a righteous man who strived in the way of God. Some studies[which?] identify Dhul-Kifl with Obadiah, mentioned in the Old Testament as taking care of a hundred prophets: see 1_King 18:4.
داود Dawud	David	Main articles: Islamic view of David and David	16
	In Islam, God revealed the Zabur (Psalms) to Dawud (David). Dawud also has significance as the conqueror of Goliath. Note that Islamic tradition and the Bible differ in their accounts of the story of King David and Uriah. Islam denies acts attributed to King David in the Old Testament like sending Uriah to be killed so that David could marry his wife.
سليمان Sulayman	Solomon	Main articles: Islamic view of Solomon and Solomon	17
	Sulayman (Solomon) learned a significant amount from his father David before God made him a prophet. According to Islamic tradition, Sulayman received power to manipulate nature, including the jinn and the power to communicate with and control animals. Known for his honesty and fairness, he also headed a kingdom that extended into southern Arabia.[]
إلياس Ilyas	Elijah	Main article: Elijah	2
	Ilyas, a descendant of Harun (Aaron), took over control of the southern part of the Arabian Peninsula after the kingdom of Sulayman (Solomon) collapsed. Islamic tradition says he attempted to convince the people of the peninsula of the existence of only one God, but when the people refused to listen they were smitten[by whom?] with a drought and famine.
اليسع al-Yasa	Elisha	Main articles: al_Yasa and Elisha	2
	Al-Yasa (Elisha) took over the task of leading the Israelites after the death of Ilyas (Elijah). He attempted to show the king and queen of Israel the power of God, but they dismissed him as a magician. Subsequently, the Assryians could make people burn and inflict significant damage on them.
يونس Yunus	Jonah	Main articles: Islamic view of Jonah and Jonah	4
	Islamic tradition states that God commanded Yunus (Jonah) to help the people of Nineveh towards righteousness. However, after Nineveh's people refused to listen to God, Yunus became disgruntled and angry with God. After an incident where Yunus escaped death, he decided to re-commit himself to striving for God, attempting to lead the people of Nineveh to righteousness. But after the Ninevites returned to evil, illicit ways, the Scythians conquered them.
زكريا Zakariyya	Zechariah	Main articles: Islamic view of Zichariah and Zichriah(Priest)	7
	A descendant of Sulayman, Zakariya (Zachariah), became a patron of Marram (Mary) the mother of 'Isa (Jesus). According to the Qur'an, he prayed to God asking for a son, since his sterile wife al-Yashbi (Elizbeth) could not provide one. God granted his wishes, temporarily lifting his wife's sterility and allowing her to give birth to Yahya abn Zakariyya (John).
يحيى Yahya	John the Baptist	Main articles: Yahyaibn Zikariyya and John the Baptist	5
	Of Yahya (John), cousin to Isa, Islam says that, throughout his lifetime, he captivated audiences with his powerful sermons that preached Abrahamic monotheism. The Qur'an does not mention baptist.
عيسى Isa	Jesus	Main articles: Jesus in Islam and Jesus	25
	God sent one of the highest-ranked prophets in Islam, Eisa al-Maseeh, (Jesus the Messiah) to guide the Children of Israel. The Qur'an makes the nature of Jesus very clear, portraying him not as the begotten (physical) son of God, but rather as a nabi and rasul (messenger) of God.[] 'Isa Performed many Miricals with the permission of God, for example: raising the dead, creating a bird from clay, and talking as an infant. Islamic traditions states that he abstained from drinking alcohol. It also states that he received a revelation, the Injil (Gospel), though according to Islam, it subsequently suffered from distortion. Muslims believe that no crucifixion of 'Isa took place, meaning he did not die on the cross. Muslims believe that God raised Isa up to himself and that Isa will return to Earth to fight the Dajjal (the imposter) and to break the cross. The Qur'an and Saheeh Hadith tell a consistent story. That they said (in boast), "We killed Christ Jesus the son of Mary, the Messenger of Allah";- but they killed him not, nor crucified him, but so it was made to appear to them, and those who differ therein are full of doubts, with no (certain) knowledge, but only conjecture to follow, for of a surety they killed him not:- Nay, Allah raised him up unto Himself; and Allah is Exalted in Power, Wise;- And there is none of the People of the Book but must believe in him before his death; and on the Day of Judgment he will be a witness against them;- —Qur'an , Sura An-Nisa 4:157_159 From Hadith as translated: Narrated Abu _Huraira: Allah's Apostle said, "By Him in Whose Hands my soul is, son of Mary (Jesus) will shortly descend amongst you people (Muslims) as a just ruler and will break the Cross and kill the pig and abolish the Jizya (a tax taken from the non-Muslims, who are in the protection, of the Muslim Government). Then there will be abundance of money and no-body will accept charitable gift —sahih_al_bukhari , Volume 3, Book 34, Number 425
محمد Muhammad	Ahmad أحمد: in the original Gospel and Bible	Main article: Muhammad	5
	Habib u'l A'zam, Imam u'l Anbiya Sayyidina Muhammad ibn 'Abdullah, (53 B.H-11 A.H; 571-632 AD) ranks as the last prophet in Islam ("seal of the Prophets"). Muslims shun [[idolatry of any of the prophets, as their messages from God hold the most weight. Muhammad appeared on earth as the son of his father Abdullah ibn ' abd al_Muttalib and of his mother Amina bint Wahb az_ Zuhriyya. Born in Mecca in 571 AD (53 AH), Muhammad spent the first part of his life as a well-travelled merchant. He would often spend his time in the mountains surrounding Mecca in prayer contemplating the situation with the city. At the age of forty, during one of those trips to the mountain, Muhammad began to receive and recite verses from God which today make up the Qur'an. He quickly spread the message he was receiving, converting a few others in the city, including his wife. He is the last (seal) of the prophets with a message to all humanity. When oppression became intolerable for his followers, Muhammad first asked his fellow Muslims to migrate to Madina and later himself migrated to madina away from the oppressors in Mecca. Muhammad served not just as a prophet, but as a militry leader who helped defeat the Meccans in 624 during the Battel of Bdar. He continued to lead the Muslims as Islam spread across the Arabian Peninsula. He performed the first hajj in 629 and established Islam in the form that Muslims still practise it. Others continued Muhammad's legacy after his death in 632, having been given the position of caliph (or successor) to Muhammad. The Five pillers of Islam were established from his Hadiths after Muhammad's death.

 Other prophets:

The Qur'an mentions only 25 prophets by named but there might have many other prophets and messengers sent by the God as mentioned in the Qur'an. Many verses in the Quran discuss this:

• "We did aforetime send messengers before thee: of them there are some whose story We have related to thee, and some whose story We have not related to thee. ..."
• "For We assuredly sent amongst every People a messenger, ..."

Historic narratives^[which?] suggest there existed a prophet named Khalid_bin_Sinan in pre Islamic Arabic.
The Qur'an mentions Al_i_Imran as the father of Maryam. It does not mention Al_Khidr by name, but tradition assumes the reference Sura Al_Kahf 18:66 to relate to him. Ibn_Khatir in his book mentions the Biblical Prophets Danyal (Daniel), Ishaia (Isaiah), Armeya (Jeremiah), and Samuel as prophets.
The Qur'an mentions Luqman in the sura named after him, but does not clearly identify him as a prophet or a wali. The most widespread Islamic belief^[] views Luqman as a wise man, not as a prophet or as a wali. Legend recounts that Luqman had a dream, and in that dream he faced the choice between becoming a King and a wise man, and he chose the second.
Numerous other historical figures may rank as prophets, but debate and contention surround this matter. Such figures include: Zoroaster, Gautama Buddah, Socrates, Merlin, Laozi, Confucius, Krishna, (also mentioned in some books of Hadith) and Rma. However, Muslims will argue that one cannot know this for certain, since the Qur'an does not mentioned them by name. Those in favour of counting such men as prophets often argue that they came with the word of God, but that it later became corrupted, which accounts for the differences between Islam and the various religions and philosophies associated with which each man.

Maryam mother of 'Isa

Main article: Maryam

A few scholars (such as Ibn_Hamz)see Maryam as a nabi and a prophetess, since God sent her a message via an angel. The Qur'an, however, does not explicitly identify her as a prophet. Islamic belief regards her as a holy woman, but not as a prophet. The Qur'an usually refers to 'Isa as 'Isa ibn Maryam (Jesus, son of Mary), the matronymic indicating that Jesus had no father.
The world of Islam sees Maryam as a very holy and important woman. She alone of all the women in all of Islam has a sura attributed to her: Sura Maryam, the ninteenth sura of the Qu'ran.

• Ilah
• Major prophets in the Bible
• Minor prophets in the Bible
• Names and title of Jesus in the new testament
  
• Names of GOD
  
• Nevi'im (Prophets in Judaism)
• Nabuwwah
• Table of prophets of Abrahamic Religions
  
• Tawhid
• Tarmagent.

 

 

 

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